The sun is an average star. It has been burning for more than 4-billion years, and it will burn at least that
long into the future before erupting into a giant red star, engulfing the earth in the process.
Some stars are enormous sources of X-rays; others mostly generate radio signals. The sun, while producing
these and other energies, releases 95% of its output energy as light, some of which cannot be seen by the
human eye. The peak of its radiation is in the green portion of the visible spectrum. Most plants and the
human eye function best in green light since they have adapted to the nature of the sunlight reaching them. The sun is responsible for nearly all of the energy available on earth. The exceptions are attributable to moontides, radioactive material, and the earth's residual internal heat. Everything else is a converted form of
the sun's energy: Hydropower is made possible by evaporation-transpiration due to solar radiant heat;
the winds are caused by the sun's uneven heating of the earth's atmosphere; fossil fuels are remnants of
organic life previously nourished by the sun; and photovoltaic electricity is produced directly from sunlight
by converting the energy in sunlight into free charged particles within certain kinds of materials.
The Nature of Light Energy :
Light is energy. You need only touch a black surface exposed to the sun to realize this fact. An understanding
of the nature of light will help in comprehending how solar cells work.
The sun's light looks white because it is made up of many different colors that, combined, produce a white
light. Each of the visible and invisible radiations of the sun's spectrum has a different energy. Within the visible
part of the spectrum (red to violet), red is at the low-energy end and violet is at the high-energy end having
half again more energy as red light. Light in the infrared region (which we can't see but feel as heat)
has less energy than that in the visible region. Light in the ultraviolet region(which is invisible but causes the
skin to tan) has more than that in the the visible region.
Today, photovoltaic systems are capable of transforming one kilowatt of solar energy falling on one square
meter into about a hundred watts' of electricity. One hundred watts can power most household appliances: a
television, a stereo, an electric typewriter, or a lamp. In fact, standard solar cells covering the sun-facing roof
space of a typical home can provide about 8500-kilowatthours of electricity annually, which is about the
average household's yearly electric consumption. By comparison, a modern, 200-ton electric-arc steel furnace, demanding 50,000 kilowatts of electricity,
would require about a square kilometer of land for a PV power supply.
long into the future before erupting into a giant red star, engulfing the earth in the process.
Some stars are enormous sources of X-rays; others mostly generate radio signals. The sun, while producing
these and other energies, releases 95% of its output energy as light, some of which cannot be seen by the
human eye. The peak of its radiation is in the green portion of the visible spectrum. Most plants and the
human eye function best in green light since they have adapted to the nature of the sunlight reaching them. The sun is responsible for nearly all of the energy available on earth. The exceptions are attributable to moontides, radioactive material, and the earth's residual internal heat. Everything else is a converted form of
the sun's energy: Hydropower is made possible by evaporation-transpiration due to solar radiant heat;
the winds are caused by the sun's uneven heating of the earth's atmosphere; fossil fuels are remnants of
organic life previously nourished by the sun; and photovoltaic electricity is produced directly from sunlight
by converting the energy in sunlight into free charged particles within certain kinds of materials.
The Nature of Light Energy :
Light is energy. You need only touch a black surface exposed to the sun to realize this fact. An understanding
of the nature of light will help in comprehending how solar cells work.
The sun's light looks white because it is made up of many different colors that, combined, produce a white
light. Each of the visible and invisible radiations of the sun's spectrum has a different energy. Within the visible
part of the spectrum (red to violet), red is at the low-energy end and violet is at the high-energy end having
half again more energy as red light. Light in the infrared region (which we can't see but feel as heat)
has less energy than that in the visible region. Light in the ultraviolet region(which is invisible but causes the
skin to tan) has more than that in the the visible region.
Today, photovoltaic systems are capable of transforming one kilowatt of solar energy falling on one square
meter into about a hundred watts' of electricity. One hundred watts can power most household appliances: a
television, a stereo, an electric typewriter, or a lamp. In fact, standard solar cells covering the sun-facing roof
space of a typical home can provide about 8500-kilowatthours of electricity annually, which is about the
average household's yearly electric consumption. By comparison, a modern, 200-ton electric-arc steel furnace, demanding 50,000 kilowatts of electricity,
would require about a square kilometer of land for a PV power supply.
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